[86], Twain produced President Ulysses S. Grant's Memoirs through his fledgling publishing house, Charles L. Webster & Company, which he co-owned with Charles L. Webster, his nephew by marriage. Mark Twain is credited with giving the Gilded Age its name. B) popularizing professional sports. Twain's novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) features a time traveler from the contemporary U.S., using his knowledge of science to introduce modern technology to Arthurian England. 170 likes. "[135], Twain's frankest views on religion appeared in his final work Autobiography of Mark Twain, the publication of which started in November 2010, 100 years after his death. PLAY. Finally, Rogers took absolute charge of Twain's money until all his creditors were paid. [62] Eventually, he received legal advice to register a copyright in Canada (for both Canada and Britain) prior to publishing in the United States, which would restrain the Canadian publishers from printing a version when the American edition was published. It seemed to me a great task to which we had addressed ourselves. [32], In 1867, a local newspaper funded his trip to the Mediterranean aboard the Quaker City, including a tour of Europe and the Middle East. A Filipino independence movement begun earlier in the decade to free the islands from Spanish rule now was directed against the new foreign ruler, America. A pair of Mark Twain enthusiasts who have searched for more than two decades say they've found what appears to be Samuel Clemens' signature from his youth scrawled on … It was in these days that Twain became a writer of the Sagebrush School; he was known later as its most famous member. Mark Twain was among the people who popularized the legends of the Old West. The book had been a dream of his since childhood, and he claimed that he had found a manuscript detailing the life of Joan of Arc when he was an adolescent. They had three daughters: Susy (1872–1896), Clara (1874–1962),[39] and Jean (1880–1909). "Mark Twain's Nom de Plume.". Olivia's death in 1904 and Jean's on December 24, 1909, deepened his gloom. The Almighty has said, no doubt: "Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together". [49]:175 The family stayed mainly in France, Germany, and Italy until May 1895, with longer spells at Berlin (winter 1891-92), Florence (fall and winter 1892-93), and Paris (winters and springs 1893-94 and 1894–95). [137][138] He belonged to Polar Star Lodge No. One of my sorrows, when the summer ends, is that I must put off my cheery and comfortable white clothes and enter for the winter into the depressing captivity of the shapeless and degrading black ones. It is mid-October now, and the weather is growing cold up here in the New Hampshire hills, but it will not succeed in freezing me out of these white garments, for here the neighbors are few, and it is only of crowds that I am afraid. An American author and humorist. The book tells the story of two boys born on the same day who are physically identical, acting as a social commentary as the prince and pauper switch places. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910),[1] known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. The pains which it inflicts upon unconsenting animals is the basis of my enmity towards it, and it is to me sufficient justification of the enmity without looking further. All of the Clemens family are buried in Elmira's Woodlawn Cemetery. He was lauded as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced," and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". New technologies and industries flourished and the U.S. seemed to be moving forward. They were married in 1823. Twain was an early proponent of fingerprinting as a forensic technique, featuring it in a tall tale in Life on the Mississippi (1883) and as a central plot element in the novel Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894). The scum of the earth! B) President Chester Arthur’s Inaugural Address. Find out if New York's greatest writers lived next door. I said to myself, Here are a people who have suffered for three centuries. [144], He maintained that his primary pen name came from his years working on Mississippi riverboats, where two fathoms, a depth indicating water safe for the passage of boat, was a measure on the sounding line. federal and state "land-grant" assistance and private philanthropy of wealthy donors. Du Bois advocated. His three months in India became the centerpiece of his 712-page book Following the Equator. I was proud of my performance for a while, and considered it quite wonderful, but I have changed my opinion of it long ago. He may have been romantically involved with the poet Ina Coolbrith. The Prince and the Pauper was not as well received, despite a storyline that is common in film and literature today. The country was up in arms, the war was on, in every breast burned the holy fire of patriotism; the drums were beating, the bands playing, the toy pistols popping, the bunched firecrackers hissing and spluttering; on every hand and far down the receding and fading [22], While training, Samuel convinced his younger brother Henry to work with him, and even arranged a post of mud clerk for him on the steamboat Pennsylvania. David Zmijewski, "The Man in Both Corners: Mark Twain the Shadowboxing Imperialist", Maxwell Geismar, ed., Mark Twain and the Three Rs: Race, Religion, Revolution and Related Matters (Indianapolis: Bobs-Merrill, 1973), p. 159, Paine, A. It was submitted to Harper's Bazaar for publication, but on March 22, 1905, the magazine rejected the story as "not quite suited to a woman's magazine". Twain wrote many of his classic novels during his 17 years in Hartford (1874–1891) and over 20 summers at Quarry Farm. There is one notable thing about our Christianity: bad, bloody, merciless, money-grabbing, and predatory as it is – in our country particularly and in all other Christian countries in a somewhat modified degree – it is still a hundred times better than the Christianity of the Bible, with its prodigious crime – the invention of Hell. have pointed to this rushed completion as the cause of the novel's rough organization and constant disruption of the plot. - The ideal student treats classmates and teachers with kindness, changes the lives of those she encounters and believes wholeheartedly in the value of education. Next after fine colors, I like plain white. That poor old Captain Sellers was deeply wounded. Twain wrote glowingly about unions in the river boating industry in Life on the Mississippi, which was read in union halls decades later. However, Jean's health did not benefit from consulting with specialists in Vienna, the "City of Doctors". "[114], Twain was also a staunch supporter of women's rights and an active campaigner for women's suffrage. He became an extremely outspoken critic of other authors and other critics; he suggested that, before praising Cooper's work, Thomas Lounsbury, Brander Matthews, and Wilkie Collins "ought to have read some of it".[88]. Johnson's; music" and signed it "Mark Twain".[29][30]. These letters proved to be the genesis to his work with the San Francisco Alta California newspaper, which designated him a traveling correspondent for a trip from San Francisco to New York City via the Panama isthmus. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. Never in my entire life have I listened to such a magnificent piece of descriptive narration. In Following the Equator, Twain expresses "hatred and condemnation of imperialism of all stripes". Fewer than 200 copies were sold. On June 8, 1867, he set sail on the pleasure cruiser Quaker City for five months, and this trip resulted in The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrims' Progress. The following notes will help you prepare for questions about the Gilded Age on the AP U.S. History Exam. In a letter to friend and fellow writer William Dean Howells in 1887 he acknowledged that his views had changed and developed over his lifetime, referring to one of his favorite works: When I finished Carlyle's French Revolution in 1871, I was a Girondin; every time I have read it since, I have read it differently – being influenced and changed, little by little, by life and environment ... and now I lay the book down once more, and recognize that I am a Sansculotte! [88] "No, other Indians would have noticed these things, but Cooper's Indians never notice anything. He later wrote the sketch "The Private History of a Campaign That Failed", describing how he and his friends had been Confederate volunteers for two weeks before disbanding. Mark Twain, America's celebrated Author and Humorist returns for Lectures, Readings and Discussions. In the late nineteenth century, American colleges and universities benefited from. But I have thought some more, since then, and I have read carefully the treaty of Paris (which ended the Spanish–American War), and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. Judith Yaross Lee, "Mark Twain as a Stand-up Comedian". Twain studied the Mississippi, learning its landmarks, how to navigate its currents effectively, and how to read the river and its constantly shifting channels, reefs, submerged snags, and rocks that would "tear the life out of the strongest vessel that ever floated". The pilots thought it was brilliant. [146], Twain's story about his pen name has been questioned by some[147] with the suggestion that "mark twain" refers to a running bar tab that Twain would regularly incur while drinking at John Piper's saloon in Virginia City, Nevada. He is probably … [48] The travel work recounts Twain's memories and new experiences after a 22-year absence from the Mississippi River. He educated himself in public libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school. He places emphasis on concision, utility of word choice, and realism; he complains, for example, that Cooper's Deerslayer purports to be realistic but has several shortcomings. After a burst of popularity, the Sacramento Union commissioned him to write letters about his travel experiences. [43][44] Most commercially successful was a self-pasting scrapbook; a dried adhesive on the pages needed only to be moistened before use. His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". Evidence suggests that Twain began wearing white suits on the lecture circuit, after the death of his wife Olivia ("Livy") in 1904. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. [62][64] There was a requirement that a copyright be registered to a Canadian resident; he addressed this by his short visits to the country. Twain moved to San Francisco in 1864, still as a journalist, and met writers such as Bret Harte and Artemus Ward. He lost the bulk of his book profits, as well as a substantial portion of his wife's inheritance. The white suit did eventually become his trademark, as illustrated in anecdotes about this eccentricity (such as the time he wore a white summer suit to a Congressional hearing during the winter). Twain was opposed to the vivisection practices of his day. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land. [3] His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884),[4] the latter often called "The Great American Novel". Cooper thinks they are marvelous creatures for noticing, but he was almost always in error about his Indians. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it. [125] At other times, he wrote or spoke in ways that contradicted a strict deist view, for example, plainly professing a belief in Providence. Twain claimed to have foreseen this death in a dream a month earlier,[23]:275 which inspired his interest in parapsychology; he was an early member of the Society for Psychical Research. The fleets of the world could swim in spacious comfort in the innocent blood it has spilled. [111], As counterpoint, Twain's essay on "The Literary Offenses of Fenimore Cooper" offers a much kinder view of Indians. 1973. Before 1899, Twain was an ardent imperialist. It is a sin you must never commit again. He wrote, for example, "Faith is believing what you know ain't so", and "If Christ were here now there is one thing he would not be – a Christian". [62][63][64], The reason for the Toronto visits was to secure Canadian and British copyrights for his upcoming book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,[62][64] to which he had alluded in his Montreal visit. Mark Twain wrote Roughing Itequipped with his traveling experiences, his brother's journal, and his imagination. Gilded means that something looks good on the outside but can be rotten on the inside. This piece detailed his two-week stint in a Confederate militia during the Civil War. that this was the work that he was most proud of, despite the criticism that he received for it. APUSH Chapter 25 43 Terms. STUDY. Wed 5 Jan 2011 12.47 EST. [33], Upon returning to the United States, Twain was offered honorary membership in Yale University's secret society Scroll and Key in 1868. The book, written with his neighbor Charles Dudley Warner, is also his only collaboration. Tom Sawyer was modeled on Twain as a child, with traces of schoolmates John Briggs and Will Bowen. [62][64], Twain lived in his later years at 14 West 10th Street in Manhattan. The dozen or so members ranged in age from 10 to 16. Twain, Olivia, and their daughter Susy were all faced with health problems, and they believed that it would be of benefit to visit European baths. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been repeatedly restricted in American high schools, not least for its frequent use of the word "nigger",[76] which was in common usage in the pre-Civil War period in which the novel was set. The many: the nations of the earth; the valuable personages; the workers; they that make the bread that the soft-handed and idle eat. [25] He failed as a miner and went to work at the Virginia City newspaper Territorial Enterprise,[28] working under a friend, the writer Dan DeQuille. Researchers rediscovered published material as recently as 1995 and 2015.[48][77]. In the late 1890s, he spoke to the Savage Club in London and was elected an honorary member. In 1905, the Brooklyn Public Library banned both The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer from the children's department because of their language.[93]. The first part of the itinerary took him across northern America to British Columbia, Canada, until the second half of August. Twain patented three inventions, including an "Improvement in Adjustable and Detachable Straps for Garments" (to replace suspenders) and a history trivia game. Also, he smoked cigars constantly, and Susan did not want him to do so in her house. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary – from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay." Twain visited Salt Lake City for two days and met there members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Twain was born two weeks after Halley's Comet's closest approach in 1835; he said in 1909:[49]. Eight days later, Twain wrote to his friend Daniel Carter Beard, to whom he had read the story, "I don't think the prayer will be published in my time. conspicuous consumption. Twain's next major published work was the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which confirmed him as a noteworthy American writer. "[100], From 1901, soon after his return from Europe, until his death in 1910, Twain was vice-president of the American Anti-Imperialist League,[101] which opposed the annexation of the Philippines by the United States and had "tens of thousands of members". That is the history of the nom de plume I bear."[148]. And not a pale, characterless Sansculotte, but a Marat.[94][95]. [127], In 1901, Twain criticized the actions of the missionary Dr. William Scott Ament (1851–1909) because Ament and other missionaries had collected indemnities from Chinese subjects in the aftermath of the Boxer Uprising of 1900. Rogers first made him file for bankruptcy in April 1894, then had him transfer the copyrights on his written works to his wife to prevent creditors from gaining possession of them. [56], In mid-1900, he was the guest of newspaper proprietor Hugh Gilzean-Reid at Dollis Hill House, located on the north side of London. A) The Gilded Age, by Mark Twain. [89] He outlines what he considers to be "quality writing" in several letters and essays, in addition to providing a source for the "tooth and claw" style of literary criticism. [49]:176–190, Twain's writings and lectures enabled him to recover financially, combined with the help of his friend, Henry Huttleston Rogers. The McDowell's cave, now known as Mark Twain Cave in Hannibal, Missouri and frequently discussed in Twain's book, "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer has "Sam Clemens," Twain's real name engraved on the wall by Twain himself. The one immigrant group that was totally banned from America after 1882 nativist agitation, Two religious groups that grew most dramatically because of the "New Immigration" were, the efforts of some Christian reformers to apply their religious beliefs to new social, Besides aiding immigrants and promoting social reforms, settlement houses like Jane. His brother Pleasant Hannibal (1828) died at three weeks of age,[13][14] his sister Margaret (1830–1839) when Twain was three, and his brother Benjamin (1832–1842) three years later. [102] Many of his neglected and previously uncollected writings on anti-imperialism appeared for the first time in book form in 1992. They, along with many others, f… "[145] The riverboatman's cry was "mark twain" or, more fully, "by the mark twain", meaning "according to the mark [on the line], [the depth is] two [fathoms]", that is, "The water is 12 feet (3.7 m) deep and it is safe to pass.". [37] He wrote many political pamphlets for the organization. by Mark Twain It was a time of great and exalting excitement. Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. In the late 1860s and early 1870s, he spoke out strongly in favor of American interests in the Hawaiian Islands. To further aid Coolbrith, George Wharton James visited Twain in New York and arranged for a new portrait session. [116], Through Twain's efforts, the Connecticut legislature voted a pension for Prudence Crandall, since 1995 Connecticut's official heroine, for her efforts towards the education of young African-American women in Connecticut. Twain also offered to purchase for her use her former house in Canterbury, home of the Canterbury Female Boarding School, but she declined.[117]:528. dancab14. Some have called it the first Great American Novel, and the book has become required reading in many schools throughout the United States. Coming back in fall, they continued the treatment in London, until Twain was convinced by lengthy inquiries in America that similar osteopathic expertise was available there. He estimated that Belford Brothers' edition of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer alone had cost him ten thousand dollars (equivalent to $280,000 in 2019). He was a master of rendering colloquial speech and helped to create and popularize a distinctive American literature built on American themes and language. [90][91] It soon became an unexpected best-seller,[92] making Twain one of a very few authors publishing new best-selling volumes in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. William E. Phipps, "Anti-Religious Work by Twain, Long Withheld, to Be Published", "Church Aided by Twain Is in a Demolition Dispute", Joan of Arc, a saint for all reasons: studies in myth and politics, "Mark Twain's Autobiography Set for Unveiling, a Century After His Death", "Brother Samuel Langhorne Clemens: A Missouri Freemason - Mert Sahinoglu", "What Mark Twain Really Thought About Mormons", "Matthew 27:51 at that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom.