I’ll try shy. Phase 3: The remaining phonemes, with graphemes Set 6: j, v, w, x 'j' jam job jug jet jog 'v' van vet visit vivid 'w' web wag will win cobweb 'x' wax box fix fox mix six exit Set 7: y, z, zz, qu 'y' yell yet yes yap 'z' & 'zz' zip fizz buzz zigzag 'qu' quick quack quit quiz liquid Consonant digraphs ch, sh, th, ng Other vowels like /oi/ are neither long nor short. bring — 4 (/b/r/i/ng/) Tip: See my guide to the Most Common Pronunciation Errors in English. Exercise #2: Your turn to count phonemes in words with digraphs. Some people say the phoneme /l/ sounds like a flying saucer: /lll/. For More Information on Phonemes Visit the Dyslexia Reading Well. All about phonemes, phonetics and spelling >> phonemicchart.com. 3. Knowing that phonemic awareness is a critical skill and being able to effectively teach it are two different things. That is ng‘s mouth move. All the long vowels commonly use digraph spellings in one-syllable words, e.g., Here’s a helpful rule for counting the phonemes in clusters: If you. Strategies for K-8 Learners (Sage Publications) suggests 5 guidelines for phonemic awareness instruction: Consistent with all the researched advice on teaching phonemic awareness above, educational therapist and author Dr. Erica Warren, believes that the key to successfully teaching the 44 phonemes in English is assessment, followed by individualized, multi-sensory instruction. /ou/t/, 2 more, for a total of 5. The IPA was created by the International Phonetic Association. Final Exam: Count the phonemes in the following words. … 1 vowel begins the suffix, for example: ing, ed; big, bigg er, bigness fret, frett ing, fretful. Let me remind you once again about the trickiest of digraphs: ng. The phonics worksheets will help teach short & long vowels, consonant blends and digraphs, vowel digraphs, r-controlled vowels and other phonemes, which are essential for teaching early literacy. http://www.auburn.edu/rdggenie/spellings.html. branch (5 — /b/r/a/n/ch/) truck — 4 (/t/r/u/k/) Congratulations, you can speak Greek now! If you can break them up, do break them up. /g/rrr/ — there’s the growly one. Effective phonemic awareness instruction explicitly labels sounds and demonstrates the process of blending-segmenting of sounds (Ehri et al., 2001). best — 4 (/b/e/s/t/) But /w/ is only found at the beginning of syllables. Now add all the phonemes you can come up with to the map. Vowels are really different mouth shapes we make as we vocalize. /g/r/A/p/. Then comes the vowel /a/, and a final phoneme /sh/, spelled with a digraph. The sh is a digraph, so /sh/I/ has just two phonemes. The trickiest clusters seem to be those involving the phonemes /r/ and /l/, which are common in many consonant clusters. Catch that ng digraph? Start studying Phonetics & Phonology Exam #1. See Answer. Top Answer. allows students to engage in language play (Yopp, 1992). Analytic Phonics. Stretch out bring, brrriiing. Below is a list of the 44 phonemes along with their International Phonetic Alphabet symbols and some examples of their use. She has developed a helpful assessment tool and a number of fun, effective instruction/remediation tools for helping young readers master the essential sounds of the English language. string (5 — /s/t/r/i/ng). Now add all the phonemes you can come up with to the map. How many in pitch? Stretch out. Phonics with the Brain in Mind! All Rights Reserved   |   Privacy Policy & Disclaimer. The book 50 Reading through — 3 (/th/r/U/)      block       sting       wreck        slink        spring. Flop is first. wreck — 3 (/r/e/k/) slice — 4 (/s/l/I/s/), Answers to Exercise #4 It depends on how do we define Chinese phonemes. Stretch it out:  ffflllo-o-op. Note the tongue and lip positions for /r/ and the tongue position for /l/ behind the upper front teeth. Say these words and listen for /r/: I’ll count a couple of words with /r/ clusters for you. Exercise #1: Write down each of these words, count the phonemes, and then check your answers: I’ll count the phonemes in slow. For example: BABY and HAPPY - Y makes a "yee" sound /ee/ sting — 4 (/s/t/i/ng/)  Watch out for digraph ng! It is a sound from the Single Consonants group. Phoneme segmentation is the ability to break words down into individual sounds. Vowels. How many phonemes in rich? How to pronounce the ng sound. Digraphs can be consonants (ck, ll, tch, ng) or vowels (ee, ew, igh, ow). 3. It is a letter or letter combination that represents a single phoneme within a word. Below is a list of the 44 phonemes along with their International Phonetic Alphabet symbols and some examples of their use. We suggest you check it out. In counting consonant clusters, you must break the cluster into separate phonemes to get an accurate count. 0-7 right — Don’t give up. stretch — 5 (/s/t/r/e/ch/) Consonants. If you elongate the beginning of the word, you should find three separate phonemes, /s/, /t/, and /r/. Now that you’ve identified phonemes, it should be easier to spot them in words and include them in your count. threw — 3 (/th/r/U/) speech (4 — /s/p/E/ch/) Back to the top of 44 Phonemes in English, Copyright 2013-2020 © by Michael Bates, Dyslexia-Reading-Well.com. Let me count a couple of words with /l / clusters for you. The short vowel sounds are found at the beginning of each word in this sentence: “Ask Ed if odd’s up.” They are difficult vowels to recognize because they are defined by relatively slight differences in the shape of the mouth. But slow down a cluster and you’ll find a succession of mouth moves. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In analytic phonics, we will present students with a word before breaking it down (start with the whole and move to the parts).. During analytic phonics, we will also encourage students to take guesses and use context to guess a word and its phonemes. If you can recognize digraphs and clusters, you’ll be able to count phonemes successfully. Clusters are blends of consonants that can be separated, but resist separation. I’m going to count phonemes in some words for you, explaining my thinking. If you had any trouble, let’s take another look at digraphs and clusters. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in words, so love is a single morpheme and lovely has two morphemes: love is the root word and -ly is a suffix which modifies the meaning of the root word. The following table shows the consonant sounds of Standard Chinese, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet.The sounds shown in parentheses are sometimes not analyzed as separate phonemes; for more on these, see § Alveolo-palatal series below. spread — 5 (/s/p/r/e/d/) Short vowels can be spelled with one letter. plow — 3 (/p/l/ou/), Answers to Final Exam Consonants always involve some friction. Preschool Phonics Worksheets; Kindergarten L1 Phonics Worksheets Stretching it, /sssllllOOO/. A grapheme could be either a single letter or a digraph. Bruce Hayes (2008) concludes that the "fewer-phonemes-the-better" analysis is not an iron-clad argument and that the segment/sequence problem is still "an unsettled one in phonology" (p. 57). 11-12 right — A little review and you’ll have it done. Print out the phoneme chart below and fill in all the phonemes you can think of. Despite there being just 26 letters in the English language there are approximately 44 unique sounds, also known as phonemes. English, on the other hand, has 44 different phonemes and around 230 graphemes. Example: unpresentable-- 3 morphemes; un- and –able are bound morphemes. Remember that some phonemes are spelled with 2- or 3-letter digraphs. buses, benches, foxes, bushes, buzzes. This is the phonetics that the -in' ending represents.. Consonants. -ing present participle subverting, advocating, transporting -en past participle; made of, make given, eaten, wooden The first syllable is the same as ‘play’ - /ple/ > [pʰʎĕ]. Let me count a couple of words with /l / clusters for you. Also, phonemes are pronounced with amazing speed, enabling us to communicate our thoughts rapidly. We spell same phoneme with the grapheme n in words like think. thrash (4 — /th/r/a/sh/), Answers to Exercise #5 If your phoneme count is not accurate, you cannot help children understand and remember spellings. paste — 4 (/p/A/s/t/) It starts with 3 consonants clustered together: /s/p/l/. trunk — 5 (/t/r/u/ng/k/) Long vowels are the sounds of letter names like /A/. The 'g' in -ing is never pronounced. Most of them are diphthongs, meaning that your mouth changes shape as you are saying them. 8-10 right — Go back and read about digraphs and clusters, and then try the exercises again. In talking about phonemes as distinct from letters, we symbolize them with Roman letters inside slash marks, for example, /t/. The vowels and digraphs generally present more difficulty than the consonants, although any sound can present difficulty depending on the particular word and phrase in which it resides. Thus, whether ow represents /O/ or /ou/, it stands for a single phoneme. If the noun/verb ends in y: change the y to i and add es or ed IF there is a consonant before the y You’ve almost got it. Make sure letterbox words are regular, one-syllable example words with varied endings. How many phonemes in ing? Exercise #5:  Count the phonemes in the following words. Letter Y is quite unique in the English alphabet in that it could be both a consonant and a vowel! The phoneme /r/ sounds like a chain saw, /rrr/. Nasals are continuants like /m/ where the air comes out your nose. Each consonant retains its distinctive mouth move, but sometimes the individual phonemes are blurred a bit to make a smooth sequence. Digraphs are graphemes spelled with more than one letter, usually two. My mouth is making 4 moves: /f/l/o/p/. Our most popular consonant digraphs in English involve the letter h:  ch, ph, sh, and th. Today their mission is to promote the scientific study of phonetics. Through examples, the children will come to identify or ‘discover’ patterns in written language that helps them become more effective readers. ten          bath          best           shoot          stripe          truck           show A common problem in counting phonemes is  failing to split clusters into separate phonemes, thus getting an undercount. Let’s try counting a couple of words for starters. 4 phonemes. LESSONS: These links take you to research-based instruction in learning to read. slink — 5 (/s/l/i/n/k/) The French language has 37 different phonemes and over 130 different graphemes. One other common phoneme in clusters is /s/, an easy one to spot because it makes a distinct sound like air leaking out of a flat tire. In other cases, a several consonants are blended quickly in a cluster. metalinguistic awareness (Yopp & Yopp, 2000). Others compare its sound to a blender: /lll/. You’ve almost got it. You can stretch continuants like /f/ and hold them until you run out of air. You can get ideas by clicking here: http://www.auburn.edu/rdggenie/spellings.html, Ready for more practice? glow — 3 (/g/l/O/) These 42 mouth moves compose the interchangeable parts from which all  our spoken words are constructed. Vowel Phonemes in Meranaw Meranaw language is composed of 5 vowel phonemes: i, u, , а and o. ə Table 3 Sample words for each corresponding phoneme / CONSONANTS EXAMPLE PHONEMIC FORM TRANSLATION FRONT CENTRAL BACK HIGH ɨ u MIDDLE ə o LOW а The digraph ng can fool some people. A phoneme is a unit of speech sound that doesn't have any meaning by itself and only creates sounds that don't have meaning. songs, and rhymes to engage students’ curiosity about language and to develop Reading teachers must have expert ability to count phonemes because they must help children connect letters to phonemes in phonics and spelling work. Now this may sound a little confusing, but let me explain. There are many different types of phonics.Probably the two major ones are ‘synthetic’ and ‘analytic’ phonics. blends) (dr, pl, st, spl, nk) are combinations of single consonants pronounced in a rapid sequence. Vowels (Voyelles) First we will look at the different vowel sounds. Also, oa is a vowel digraph. For the short vowels I use lower case letters (e.g., /a/ as in hat), and for the long vowels I use capitals (e.g., /A/ as in rain). Phonemes – are unique sounds that are used in combination to create words. uggests 5 guidelines for phonemic awareness instruction: Analysis of phonemic awareness assessment data should drive instruction, as only The 44 English sounds fall into two categories: consonants and vowels. Secret Stories® are the “secret” reasons WHY letters get together and make the many different sounds that they do. Exercise #3:  Count how many phonemes are in these words: spring — 5 (/s/p/r/i/ng/), Answers to Exercise #3 any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme, such as the aspirated k in kit and the unaspirated k in skit, which are allophones of the phoneme k. morpheme a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g., in, come, -ing, forming incoming ). It is an excellent tool for both learning and teaching about English pronunciation, but there is no easy way to type the phonemes with a normal keyboard. The 44 sounds help distinguish one word or meaning from another. 8-10 right — Go back and read about digraphs and clusters, and then try the exercises again. Don’t be fooled by that tricky ng digraph. and — 3 (/a/n/d/) The teacher will then give children many, many examples of words that share a common phoneme / grapheme that is being taught. The th is a digraph, so it counts as one. Afterwards, read though the examples and try the exercises again. Examples include ch as in chain, sh in ship, sch as in school. brush — 4 (/b/r/u/sh/) The teacher will then give children many, many examples of words that share a common phoneme / grapheme that is being taught. ten — 3 (/t/e/n/) If you can break them up, do break them up. p, 2 letters e.g. We need many digraphs because English has more phonemes (42) than letters (26). The ng sound is called the “velar nasal,” which means that you curl your tongue up against the back of our mouth and the air comes out your nose. show — 2 (/sh/O/) He also convincingly dismisses the approach proposed in SPE (Chomsky and Halle), characterizing it as "seem[ing] close to lunacy" (p. 138). Grapheme - A way of writing down a phoneme. You will find it is distinctly different from /n/ (made with the front of your tongue) and /g/, which is an explosive sound rather than a humming. The students then try to identify the phoneme ‘at’ within those words. In talking about phonemes as distinct from letters, we symbolize them with Roman letters inside slash marks, for example, /t/. What are phoneme segmentation skills? Two kinds of spellings get teachers messed up:  digraphs and clusters. It can be a bit tricky. But by stretching a cluster, you should be able to identify its individual mouth moves and count each one. One more:  throat. Note that there is no such thing as a definitive list of phonemes because of accents, dialects and the evolution of language itself. Good start. Exercise #4:  How many phonemes are in these words? Words with /a/k/s/t/: cast, caste, tacks, tax, sacked, task, scat, skat, stack, asked, axed, acts, cats, Answers to Exercise #1 A digraph is a multi-letter spelling (usually 2 letters) for a single phoneme. How many phonemes in. Others say it sounds like a growling dog, /rrr/. hat — 3 (/h/a/t/) Phonemes are the basic vocal gestures of a language, recycled to form all our spoken words. The second syllable has the same vowel+consonant sequence as ‘lean’ or ‘seen’ but has a different tone contour, /in/ > [iɲ]. The phoneme /r/ sounds like a chain saw, /rrr/. The phonemic chart contains the 44 sounds of spoken English. Learning French phonemes and graphemes will help you with spelling and pronunciation of new words. For example, the learner breaks the word run into its component sounds – r, u, and n.; Top Hear the blender? The combination ch stands for the mouth move /ch/ at the beginning of chop. How many phonemes in ing? We need many digraphs because English has more phonemes (42) than letters (26). There are 18 vowel phonemes, and they are spoken with the mouth open and uninterrupted airflow.3 All vowel phonemes are voiced and continuous, but have additional features (see Table 3) to classify them: Short: vowel sounds made when the vocal cords are relaxed; a breve symbol (/˘/) above the vowel letter indicates the short sound Consonant clusters (a.k.a. You can’t break digraphs like /sh/ because they represent one single mouth move. Basically, a vowel is any "open" sound where there is no obstruction or "blocking" caused by the teeth, tongue, lips, palate or other articulators. Since sounds cannot be written, we use letters to represent or stand for the sounds. Phonemes, as the smallest basic units of different sounds, are often used in phonetics to indicate pronunciation. The ch is a digraph. Therefore you may discover lists with more or less than these 44 sounds. 1. /b/r/i/ng/, 4 phonemes.       dream       glow      sweet      spread      slice. Before I go further, I’m going to introduce a useful term: Our most popular consonant digraphs in English involve the letter. stamp — 5 (/s/t/a/m/p/) Since diacritical marks are hard to type, I try to use the most common spelling of the phoneme as a symbol, for example, /ch/ for the first sound in, Here’s a challenge: What words could we make using all four of these phonemes: /a/, /k/, /s/, and /t/? But pitch also has 3 phonemes; you can tell because it rhymes with rich. 0-7 right — Don’t give up. a small percentage of students need explicit instruction (Ehri & Roberts, 2006). All the long vowels commonly use digraph spellings in one-syllable words, e.g., brain, speak, speed, fight, float, glow, shoot. cloud — 4 (/k/l/ou/d/) How about a word in a foreign language? Many English words are made up of two or more meaningful parts, for example the words "catty", "swimming" and "reddest" all contain two bits of meaning. high — 2 (/h/I/) sh, 3 letters e.g. I detect /b/, /rrr/– there’s that growling dog. Stretching it out, I find /ch/, /o/, and /p/, 3 phonemes. This time, make your own phoneme map. Most phonology textbooks claim that the phonological system of the English language is composed of 44 phonemes, of which 24 are consonants (actually, two are semivowels) and 20 are vowels. Stretching throat, I find /th/r/O/t/, 4 phonemes. It’s the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another. Now that must be impossible! A grapheme is a spelling of a phoneme. In some dialects, this is replaced by the alveolar nasal consonant represented in IPA as [n]. many animals can account for human perception of speech. How Many Phonemes Does the English Language Have? Stretch it, /grrrAAAp/. 3.1 The general picture: the regular spellings of English consonant phonemes This chapter can be summed up by saying that 13 of the 24 consonant phonemes of RP have highly regular spellings (though for two of these, /w, ŋ/, positional constraints have to be stated), while the other 11 have to be analysed according to position in the word. Now this may sound a little confusing, but let me explain. How fast can you say, “He stuck in his thumb, and pulled out a plum”? Most vowel combinations are digraphs. But when you link phonemes together, words are created. A teacher will present the familiar words, e.g: mat, fat, cat, hat, rat. 2009). Top Answer. cloud          stretch           trunk          brush          paste         train          stamp            plow. Graphemes can be made up from 1 letter e.g. Effective phonemic awareness instruction provides for individual differences in As you say those words slowly, you should hear that blender at work. Founded in 1886 in Paris, their original mission was to help school children pronounce words in foreign languages and to aid in the teaching of reading. See Answer. train — 4 (/t/r/A/n/) Exercise: Identifying Morphemes Count the number of morphemes in each word. In contrast, stops like /t/ are made by blocking off air and then releasing it with a mini-explosion. knock — 3 (/n/o/k/) Wiki User Answered 2012-06-27 16:28:12. These words contain consonant clusters, e.g., flock (4), stomp (5) and provide early blending practice. Wiki User Answered 2012-06-27 16:28:12. The bundle includes an easy to administer assessment tool and over 50 fun, multisensory games and activities which children love. The ng combination directs you to move the back of your tongue against the roof of your mouth to block the air; as you make a sound in your throat, the air comes out of your nose in a kind of humming. If you can break ’em up, do break ’em up. Other digraphs have silent letters, for example,  kn, wr, and ck. Counting homonyms, I found 13 different words constructed of these phonemes in different orders. Remember that some phonemes are spelled with 2- or 3-letter digraphs. Two like consonants that appear together in a word, such as the double P in apple, generally represent how many phonemes? With unvoiced phonemes like /k/, you don’t use your vocal cords. strict — 6 (/s/t/r/i/k/t/), Answers to Exercise #2 Here’s a helpful rule for counting the phonemes in clusters: If you can break ’em up, do break ’em up. In analytic phonics, we will present students with a word before breaking it down (start with the whole and move to the parts).. During analytic phonics, we will also encourage students to take guesses and use context to guess a word and its phonemes. Note that you don’t have to use the letters, Let’s try counting a couple of words for starters. Select 3-12 words to illustrate the one new correspondence you are teaching in your letterbox lesson. That sentence contains 28 phonemes. In other cases, a several consonants are blended quickly in a cluster. Our most popular consonant digraphs in English involve the letter h : ch, ph, sh, and th . The 44 English sounds fall into two categories: consonants and vowels. Asked by Wiki User. Slow it down all day, and your mouth is still just doing one thing. /b/ b, bb big, rubber 2. This article is an introduction to the symbols of consonants of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as it is used to denote pronunciation of English words (there is a separate article on vowels). INTRODUCTION Phonemic awareness instruction should be a positive, enriching experience that In addition to the regular 5 vowels of A, E, I, O, U, the letter Y can sometimes act as a vowel as well. Digraphs and blends are often found together. Phonemes can be put together to make words. A good strategy in distinguishing a digraph from a cluster is to stretch it. The "y", "ing" and "est" are bound morphemes, which need to be attached to another morpheme before they become a … 11-12 right — A little review and you’ll have it done. Phoneme - The smallest unit of sound. Blends – are combinations of two consonants where you can hear each letter in the sound that is formed. It will teach you about commonly mispronounced words, pro­nunci­ation patterns, and the basics of English phonology. custom bundle of tools just for Reading Well parents and professional visitors, jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate, kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box, sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course, zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze, sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station, a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey, bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they, end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic, be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive, people, quay, it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve, spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite, open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew, o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou, who, loon, dew, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group, about, ladder, pencil, dollar, honour, augur, bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle, aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au, paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce. In this case, most children will try to memorize spellings, which is much, much more difficult. Try it. Other digraphs have silent letters, for example, kn, wr, and ck. You’re a phoneme counting expert! In English, examples of such restrictions include: /ŋ/ , as in si ng , occurs only at the end of a syllable, never at the beginning (in many other languages, such as Māori , … The following table shows the consonant sounds of Standard Chinese, transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet.The sounds shown in parentheses are sometimes not analyzed as separate phonemes; for more on these, see § Alveolo-palatal series below. While any phoneme can be a challenge, some are more problematic than others. The difference between [ŋg] and just [ŋ] can be heard in the difference between the words finger and singer. Write down each of these words, count the phonemes, and then check your answers: tch or 4 letters e.g ough. Phonemes, as the smallest basic units of different sounds, are often used in phonetics to indicate pronunciation. For normal lessons, add 4- and 5-phoneme words—even 6 if you can think of any. You’re a phoneme counting expert! Well that is exactly what the International Phonetic Alphabet is.         and        threw        beach       state           high           splash, Puzzle Answer To complicate matters more, letter Y has several different phonemes (sounds). sweet — 4 (/s/w/E/t/) Here’s a challenge: What words could we make using all four of these phonemes: /a/, /k/, /s/, and /t/? English has about 42 distinct phonemes. Before I go further, I’m going to introduce a useful term: grapheme. Since diacritical marks are hard to type, I try to use the most common spelling of the phoneme as a symbol, for example, /ch/ for the first sound in chair. shrink (5 — /sh/r/i/ng/k/) For example, the /d/ and /r/ at the beginning of drive, when clustered, veer toward /jr/, which is how they sometimes appear in children’s invented spellings. beach — 3 (/b/E/ch/) splash — 5 (/s/p/l/a/sh/). Phonics _______ is an approach to teaching beginning reading that relies on the relationship among letters of the alphabet and the sounds they represent in spoken words. There are three phonemes in the word 'ring', because the consonant blend of 'ng' forms a single phoneme, or speech sound. And she created a custom bundle of tools just for Reading Well parents and professional visitors at a special discounted price. A Multisensory Phonics Approach Rooted in the Science of Reading Twice the Reading Gain in Half the Time…. That takes me about 3 seconds to say normally. Or is it? Note that there is no such thing as a definitive list of phonemes because of accents, dialects and the evolution of language itself. The 44* Phonemes Following is a list of the 44 phonemes along with the letters of groups of letters that represent those sounds. With voiced phonemes like /l/, you make sound with your vocal cords. What’s left? The digraph ow can also be a fooler. block — 4 (/b/l/o/k/) No matter how slowly you say a digraph, it is still one mouth move. When encoding (spelling) a word, listening for the vowel sound in a particular syllable can help a student select a syllable pattern and “map” the phonemes in that syllable onto the letters they write.“ Many O-G based programs will introduce you to a number of syllabication rules or generalizations. shoot — 3 (/sh/U/t/) It depends on how do we define Chinese phonemes. Now that you’ve identified phonemes, it should be easier to spot them in words and include them in your count. But there are many more vowel sounds in the English language. Master List of Morphemes Suffixes, Prefixes, Roots Suffix Meaning *Syntax Exemplars -er one who, that which noun teacher, clippers, toaster -er more adjective faster, stronger, kinder -ly to act in a way that is… adverb kindly, decently, firmly -able capable of, or worthy of adjective honorable, predictable -ible capable of, or worthy of adjective terrible, responsible, visible Say the last phoneme in sing. So for any written word, you can identify the associated phoneme symbols, and with a bit of practice, pronounce the word! Consonant phonemes can also be classified by where they are made in the mouth and how they are pronounced: Continuous- sounds that can be held out until air runs out (/m/, /n/, /ng/, /f/, /v/,